Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz
Polish poet, playwright and statesman. He was a leading advocate for the Constitution of May 3, 1791.
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Jan Potocki
Jan Potocki was born into the Potocki family, an aristocratic family, that owned vast estates in Poland. He was educated in Geneva and Lausanne, served twice in the Polish Army as a captain of engineers, and spent some time on a galley as a novice Knight of Malta. He was probably a Freemason and had a strong interest in the occult.
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Potocki's colorful life took him across Europe, Asia and North Africa, where he embroiled himself in political intrigues, flirted with secret societies, contributed to the birth of ethnology — he was one of the first to study the precursors of the Slavic peoples from a linguistic and historical standpoint.
In 1790 he became the first person in Poland to fly in a hot air balloon when he made an ascent over Warsaw wi -
Seweryn Goszczyński
Seweryn Goszczyński (1801-1876) was a Polish Romantic prose writer and poet.
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Goszczyński did not receive a thorough education because his parents were not well off. He studied with breaks in different schools, the Basilian School in Uman being the one where he stayed the longest period of time. At this school he made friends with Zaleski and Grabowski. In 1820 he moved to Warsaw, where he joined the secret Union of Free Polish Brothers. On hearing the news about the outbreak of the insurrection in Greece, in August 1821, he walked to Ukraine in order to get to the fighting rebels via Odessa. Due to the lack of funds he stopped in Ukraine where he remained till 1830, engaging in conspiratorial activities. He frequently changed his lodging as -
Tadeusz Konwicki
Prose writer, screenwriter and film director. Founder of the 'cinema d'auteur' in Poland and author of 20 books. Born in 1926 in Nowa Wilejka, near Vilnius (today Naujoji Vilnia, Lithuania), died on January 7th in Warsaw at 88 years old.
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Konwicki was educated at the Universities of Cracow and Warsaw and began writing for newspapers and periodicals. He served on the editorial boards of leading literary magazines and followed the official Communist Party line. His first work, Przy budowie (1950; “At the Construction Site”), won the State Prize for Literature. He began a career as a filmmaker and scriptwriter in 1956; his film Ostatni dzień lata (“The Last Day of Summer”) won the Venice Film Festival Grand Prix in 1958. By the late 1960s he had -
Aleksander Fredro
Aleksander Fredro was a Polish poet, playwright and author active during Polish Romanticism in the period of partitions by neighboring empires. His works, including plays written in octosyllabic verse (Zemsta) and in prose (Damy i Huzary) as well as fables, belong to the canon of Polish literature. Fredro was harshly criticized by some of his contemporaries for light-hearted humor or even alleged immorality (Seweryn Goszczyński, 1835) which led to years of his literary silence. Many of Fredro's dozens of plays were published and popularized only after his death. His best-known works have been translated into English, French, German, Russian, Czech, Romanian, Hungarian and Slovak.
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Adam Mickiewicz
To a Pole, the name Adam Mickiewicz is emblematic of Polishness and greatness. What Homer is to the Greeks, or Shakespeare to the English, Mickiewicz is to the Poles. He is a cultural icon, a name inextricably connected with Polish literature and history, and one mentioned with pride. Mickiewicz stands out in the consciousness of Poles both as a man of letters and a political leader.
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Despite his unquestionable status and fame, however, much of Mickiewicz's biography is shrouded in mystery. Even the generally accepted date of his birth, December 24. 1798, is uncertain, since it hasn't been determined whether it refers to the Gregorian or the Julian calendar. Nor has it been established conclusively whether Mickiewicz was born in Nowogrodek or -
Eliza Orzeszkowa
Eliza Orzeszkowa was a Polish novelist and a leading writer of the Positivism movement during foreign Partitions of Poland. In 1905, together with Henryk Sienkiewicz she was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.
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Juliusz Słowacki
Juliusz Słowacki ['juljuʂ swɔ'vatski] (4 September 1809 in Kremenets, Volhynia, Russian Empire now in Ukraine – 3 April 1849 in Paris) was a noted Polish Romantic poet, considered to be one of the "Three Bards" of Polish literature. His works often feature elements of Slavic pagan traditions, mysticism, and Orientalism.
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Life and work
Influenced largely by Byron and Shakespeare, Słowacki's early work was often historical in nature, combining exotic locales (as in Arab) and tragedy (as in Maria Stuart). His work took on a more nationalist tone following the failed November Insurrection of 1830 - 1831. Like many of his countrymen, he decided to emigrate to France as a political refugee. Ironically, the first collections of poems he produced in -
Narcyza Żmichowska
A Polish novelist and poet. She is considered to be one of the precursors of feminism in Poland. Also known under her popular nom de plume Gabryella.
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Żmichowska's first novel published in 1846 was Poganka (The Heathen), in which she is known to have expressed interest in her friend Paulina Zbyszewska. The book was published by Northern Illinois University Press in 2012 in English translation by Dr Ursula Phillips. Letters to friends and family written by Żmichowska were published in five volumes by Wrocław University in 1960. There, she also expressed interest in a married man, Edward Dembowski, which led to a known scandal. Her correspondence with Bibianna Moraczewska (an unmarried woman by choice like Narcyza) spanning 32 years consisted m -
Seweryn Goszczyński
Seweryn Goszczyński (1801-1876) was a Polish Romantic prose writer and poet.
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Goszczyński did not receive a thorough education because his parents were not well off. He studied with breaks in different schools, the Basilian School in Uman being the one where he stayed the longest period of time. At this school he made friends with Zaleski and Grabowski. In 1820 he moved to Warsaw, where he joined the secret Union of Free Polish Brothers. On hearing the news about the outbreak of the insurrection in Greece, in August 1821, he walked to Ukraine in order to get to the fighting rebels via Odessa. Due to the lack of funds he stopped in Ukraine where he remained till 1830, engaging in conspiratorial activities. He frequently changed his lodging as -
Maria Wirtemberska
Maria Wirtemberska, właśc. Maria Anna z Czartoryskich księżna von Würtemberg-Montbéliard, inne formy nazwiska: de Wirtemberg; Wirtembergska; Würtemberska; von Württemberg, pseud.: La Princesse W*** – arystokratka polska, powieściopisarka, komediopisarka, poetka i filantropka.
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Maria Wirtemberska
Maria Wirtemberska, właśc. Maria Anna z Czartoryskich księżna von Würtemberg-Montbéliard, inne formy nazwiska: de Wirtemberg; Wirtembergska; Würtemberska; von Württemberg, pseud.: La Princesse W*** – arystokratka polska, powieściopisarka, komediopisarka, poetka i filantropka.
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Jerzy Andrzejewski
Jerzy Andrzejewski was a Polish novelist, short-story writer, and political dissident noted for his attention to moral issues important in 20th-century Poland and for his realistic fiction.
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Andrzejewski was born into a middle-class family, and the young writer studied Polish language and literature at the University of Warsaw. The stories published in his first book, Drogi nieuniknione (1936; “Unavoidable Ways”), originally appeared in a right-wing periodical, with whom he soon severed relations. That volume was followed by the novel Ład serca (1938; “Heart’s Harmony”), in which Andrzejewski tried to find in Roman Catholic teachings solutions to the problems of contemporary life. During the German occupation of World War II, he participated -
Biernat z Lublina
Born 1465 – Died 1529
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Biernat z Lublina was a Polish poet, fabulist, translator and physician. He was one of the first Polish-language writers known by name, and the most interesting of the earliest ones. He expressed plebeian, Renaissance and religiously liberal opinions.
Biernat wrote the first book printed in the Polish language: printed in 1513, in Kraków at Poland's first printing establishment, operated by Florian Ungler — a prayer-book, Raj duszny (Hortulus Animae, Eden of the Soul).
Biernat also penned the first secular work in Polish literature: a collection of verse fables, plebeian and anticlerical in nature: Żywot Ezopa Fryga (The Life of Aesop the Phrygian), 1522.